The core causes of LED chip damage mainly fall into six categories: overvoltage, overheating, humidity, aging, quality defects, and circuit faults. Specific manifestations and causes can be initially determined through visual inspection and voltage testing. I. Overvoltage/Current Abnormalities
1. Fluctuations in mains voltage or voltage regulator failure cause the chips to withstand voltages exceeding their rated values (typically, the rated voltage of LED chips is 2.8-3.6V), directly breaking down the internal PN junction.
2. Driver power supply failure (such as excessive output voltage) causes series/parallel connected chips to burn out due to current overload, manifesting as black spots or blackening on the chip surface. II. Poor Heat Dissipation
1. Defects in the heat dissipation structure design of the lamp (such as undersized heat sinks or overly tight sealing) prevent the heat generated by the chips from dissipating in time.
2. Long-term full-load use or installation in high-temperature environments (such as enclosed ceilings or kitchens) causes the chip junction temperature to exceed the 100℃ threshold, accelerating aging and even causing burnout. III. Environmental Factors
1. Moisture Intrusion: In humid environments such as bathrooms and outdoors, moisture can enter the lamp fixture, causing short circuits or corrosion of the LED pins.
2. Dust Blockage: Dust accumulation at the heat dissipation vents affects ventilation, indirectly exacerbating overheating problems.
IV. Natural Aging and Quality Defects
1. After prolonged use, the phosphor inside the LED chip ages, and the chip's luminous efficiency decreases, resulting in a gradual decrease in brightness.
2. Low-quality LED chips have manufacturing defects (such as chip impurities or poor soldering), leading to a lifespan far below the nominal value (normal LED chips can last for over 50,000 hours).
V. Circuit and Connection Faults
1. If one LED chip in a series/parallel circuit fails, in a series configuration, the entire group of lights will not illuminate.
2. Poor contact in the switch control neutral wire or wiring (such as loose connectors) may cause the LED chip to light up dimly or flicker.
